In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how …

Apr 24, 2013 · String theory is formulated using Feynman's sum over history formalism. The basic equation is just the path integral. The thing that makes strings difficult, in some sense, is that …

String theory is a candidate for a unified theory of the four fundamental forces of nature: electromagnetism, the weak force, the strong force, and gravity. Particles in string theory are …

Although this type of string theory is not very realistic, one can still get a solid grasp for the type of analysis that goes on in string theory. After we have defined the bosonic string action, or …

Jun 30, 2022 · String theory is a work in progress, so trying to pin down exactly what the science is, or what its fundamental elements are, can be kind of tricky. The key string theory features …

Apr 12, 2025 · In the full string theory derivation by Strominger and Vafa, the exact coefficient (including the factor 2 π and the 1/4 in the area formula) was reproduced. The microstate …

Professor Zwiebach has not thoroughly proofread these notes but believes they will be useful to people that want to know what goes on during lecture and what material gets covered.

String theory is an attempt to quantise gravity and unite it with the other fundamental forces of nature. It combines many interesting topics of (quantum) eld theory in two and higher dimensions.

String theory has a reputation for being very mathematical and difficult to understand, but the motto we should keep in mind is that nothing is difficult if you understand it in the right way.

To understand the shape of the string it is convenient to consider the complex coor-dinate x + iy = κ sin σeiτ which shows that the string extends in the radial direction to a distance κ of the …